Author: Paul Williamson

A Lifetime in Communication – From Policing to the Page

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

In this week’s UWE Bristol Policing Blog, we are delighted to feature a special Q&A with Les King, retired police officer, probation officer, university lecturer, and now two-time author. Les’s latest book, How to Strangle a Jelly, brings together a lifetime of experience and insight into the professional and human skill of communication.

Having had the privilege of working with Les earlier in my policing career, I saw first-hand how his natural style of communication could put people at ease, even in the most challenging situations.

In this blog, Les shares the story behind the book’s unusual title, reflects on the role of communication in modern policing and education, and offers practical wisdom for those both new to the job and decades in.

Les, congratulations on the release of How to Strangle a Jelly! For those unfamiliar with the title, could you tell us where the inspiration for the book, and where its unique name came from?

During a police promotion board for sergeant, one of the tests was to see if you could stand and talk for 3 minutes completely off the cuff on a subject they chose. My subject was ‘How to Strangle a Jelly,’ hence inspiration for the title of the book. I passed the test but not the promotion board!

You’ve had a remarkable 50-year career across policing, probation and University lecturing. Looking back, what first drew you to a career in public service, and how did communication play a role in that journey?

I was brought up in the country and spent a lot of time in the local pub. I learnt from a young age how to talk to people and the art of repartee. I developed a natural confidence in dealing with adults and knew I could use these talents in the police as well as earn a steady wage.

In How to Strangle a Jelly, you reflect on everything from courtroom drama to delivering wedding speeches. Were there any stories or moments you found particularly difficult, or especially rewarding to write about?

I enjoyed recounting everything in the book. However, one difficult bit was the example of talking to a group of parents who had all suffered the bereavement of losing a baby, who spoke about their poor experience of how the police dealt with it insensitively. It brought back my own experience of dealing with a cot death on a New Year’s Day. A tragic experience I shall never forget.

One of the standout themes of the book is the emotional range of communication—how it can console, persuade, entertain, and protect. Have your views on the importance of communication changed over the years, or have they simply deepened?

My opinion over the years has deepened as to the importance of communications, both written but especially verbal. In my opinion, the best cops and best detectives are first and foremost the best communicators in talking to people, putting them at their ease, obtaining information and then translating it into evidence.

I particularly enjoyed your reflections on briefing and leadership, especially the lesson from your sergeants’ course. How do you think briefing and command communication have changed in modern policing?

I say in the book, ‘You don’t have to be a leader to be a good communicator, but to be a good leader, you must be a good communicator.’

That has always been true. However, the world of 24/7 online and dynamic digital recording and communications has now made communicating even more challenging for everyone than relying purely upon the old methods of personal face to face briefings.

You also share tools and models in the book, especially in the chapters on investigative interviewing and professional standards. What prompted you to include those more structured techniques alongside your personal stories?

I am a pragmatist by nature and thrive on a bit ad-libbing and ad hoc wit and repartee. However, more complex problems require more sophisticated methods to resolve, and I believe implicitly in tried and tested theoretical models, especially when it comes to formal interviewing, counselling or de-briefing, because they work, so use them like a crutch!

You end the book with a moment of reflection on what makes a great communicator. If you had to distil that into one piece of advice for someone starting out on one of our policing programmes today, what would it be?

Use empathy and treat everyone with respect, even those who do not show respect to you.

You have now written two books. What motivated you to start writing, and how has your approach evolved between the first and this latest publication?

I started writing my first book Cornflakes with Whisky (my autobiography of policing) after taking a degree and just wanted freedom to write without referencing! I write as I speak, from the heart and both books are written in this style so no differences really.

Having taught at university level, you clearly care deeply about how we engage learners. What’s your take on the current state of communication in teaching—especially in professional policing education?

Policing is a practical, hands-on job but requires great skills, knowledge and technical ability. As such it will always require a teaching approach that reflects both strong academic research and learning combined with the ability to translate this into policing practice from those who have “walked the talk” and done the job. I believe this model exists in most policing programmes. Long may it last!

Finally, if you could revisit one moment in your career, not to change it, but to experience it again, what would it be and why?

The camaraderie, the craic and the humour in policing – I miss it dreadfully; hence, I need to write about it!

Cornflakes with Whisky and How to Strangle a Jelly by Les King. Available from Amazon  

Editorial Comment

Les’s point about the challenges of digital communication was picked up on by one of the editorial team. They had read about the recent launch of the Skills 4 Living initiative in Greater Manchester, designed to help Gen Z students develop soft skills like empathy and effective communication. Backed by UNESCO partner Higher Health, Mayor Andy Burnham, and local universities, the programme supports young people to enhance workplace interactions and tackle mental health challenges such as anxiety and social isolation. While Gen Z are confident online, experts note many still find face-to-face communication difficult. You can read more here

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer) and Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

PCDA Students go International: PC’s Kennedy Marlow and Fay Workman Reflect on International Project Week in Germany

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Each year, a unique opportunity brings together police students and lecturers from across Europe for a week of international collaboration and learning. This year, UWE Bristol Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA) students Kennedy Marlow and Fay Workman from Avon and Somerset Police joined 34 fellow attendees from nine European countries at the renowned Rheinland-Pfalz Police Academy in Germany for the International Project Week (IPW), held from 19 -23 May 2025.

Hosted in the scenic southwestern region of Germany, the IPW is more than just an academic exchange, it’s an immersive, hands-on experience that allows officers to compare how policing is practiced across borders. Students are split into six diverse, multinational teams, each led by a final-year German police student. These groups spend the week diving deep into police powers and procedures such as vehicle and identity checks, searches, use of force, culminating in team presentations at the end of the week.

In this blog, Kennedy and Fay share their experiences of the week which offers a fascinating insight into how international collaboration can shape our understanding of good policing, both at home and abroad.

What were your first impressions when you arrived in Germany and met the local officers?

Kennedy: We properly met the other student officers on day one, when we were split into groups. Fay and I split, giving us the best opportunity to mingles and not stick together! My group included four German officers and four others from across Europe. The Germans were incredibly warm and welcoming, and our group gelled faster than you can say “Bratwurst.” Their humour was sharp, their English flawless, and thankfully, their sarcastic Brexit jokes translated perfectly.

Fay: When I first arrived, I was immediately shocked at the grounds of the academy as it was an old air force base, it was such a beautiful place. I was nervous to meet all the other officers from European countries who I was sharing a flat with for the week. After a few hours, we attended a welcome lecture, and I could immediately see how welcoming the German officers were as well as the officers from all the other countries.

Can you describe a typical day during the exchange? What kinds of activities did you take part in?

Fay: So, every day was different. Some days we were doing a few hours of classroom discussion and scenario-based work. This was super interesting as it gave us a chance to compare powers and policies between countries and how we apply them to each scenario.

Other days consisted of visiting their local police station and seeing a training demonstration from the dog handlers, eyeing up their German fleet, having a look at their custody cells and getting to meet their helicopter squadron. We would regularly play sport in the evenings with all the German students and other exchange students, followed by a few beers in their bistro bar, playing drinking games all together.

Kennedy: The morning started early at around 06:30, having to share a shower with four other girls was really survival of the fastest. Breakfast ran until 07:30 and by 08:00 we were in our groups, speaking through scenarios and how each country would use their policy and powers, quickly learning Bulgaria really play by their own rules.

Lunch was like going back to primary school, two options, Veggie and meat. All provided and paid for by the German Academy, even fed steak one lunch!

This day was then followed by an afternoon of trying and testing the German PPE and hand-to-hand combat, showcasing each counties techniques in dealing with restraint and arrests of non-compliant subjects.  It was like a Eurovision of tactical takedowns—minus the glitter, plus a few bruises. I’ve certainly got a few new tricks for the streets of North Bristol.  

Then every evening we came together in the bar on campus and spoke about work, life and everything in between, all powered with the very respectfully priced alcohol served by the loveliest barman.

Are there any policing methods or approaches in Germany that stood out to you?

Kennedy: One of the most eye-opening moments was our visit to the custody centre in Koblenz.

We were shown a few cells, which were incredible basic, a hole in the floor for a toilet, a slab for a bed, no blankets, no cameras in the cells and only one option for food, cheese on bread served with water, made by the inmates at a nearby prison. Later that evening, we chatted with the other students about custody procedures, and when we mentioned the idea of a “constant” (an officer monitoring detainees), the German officers looked genuinely puzzled. It was one of those moments where you realise just how different our systems really are.

Another standout feature was a massive holding cell designed for up to 30 detainees—used after large-scale public order incidents, like football matches. What really surprised us was that the detainees would be left in there together, unsupervised. No officers. Just 30 people, one room, and a lot of tension. It sounded less like a custody suite and more like the start of a very intense reality show.

In complete stark to their very traditional thinking for detainees, the flip side was finding out that the German Academy use VR to simulate situations before going out into the ‘real world’. Clearly very forward thinking in their use of technology. Albeit when I had a go, I felt very motion sick and nearly fell flat on my face.

Fay: The way they deal with mental health stood out the most, they completely took a back seat, there was no such thing as a “constant” at hospital or custody as their health service would take the lead there.  They also would force drink drivers to give blood if they refused blood and this would include being strapped to a bed and taken by force. They also must speak to a prosecutor’s office before entering a property to get permission and are forbidden to do so between 10pm and 6am unless to save life or limb….no 5am arrest attempts.

How did the experience challenge or change your perspective on policing?

Kennedy: One recurring theme throughout the exchange was the reaction I got when explaining what it’s like to be a police officer in the UK. I lost count of how many times I was told I must be mad to sign up for a role where I’m often solo-crewed, unarmed, and without a Taser (for now…). It was a real eye-opener to see how differently policing is structured and perceived across Europe.

That said, the experience gave me a renewed appreciation for British policing. It’s easy to feel worn down in the job and focus on the negatives, but after so many conversations with officers from other countries,

I came back feeling encouraged. We have a lot to be proud of—particularly in areas like legislation, communications, and conflict management.

What was the most memorable moment during your time with the German Police?

Fay: I think for me, it was the day we went for a hike through the most beautiful forests and went to a local BBQ barn restaurant, followed by a party on the final evening to say our goodbyes. It was so sad to say goodbye as I felt we had made genuine friendships with people from all over Europe.

Kennedy: It’s hard to pick just one moment—there were so many positive and genuinely fun experiences throughout the exchange. But what I look back on most fondly are the evenings we spent together as a group. The weather was warm, the company was brilliant, and the atmosphere was relaxed. Most evenings started with a game (or several) of volleyball—something that quickly became a highlight of the trip. Although I was diabolical, the German officers were fiercely competitive but also incredibly welcoming, turns out, my enthusiasm counts for something, even if my hand-eye coordination doesn’t.

Did you notice any significant differences in how the police engage with the public in Germany compared to Avon & Somerset Police?

Kennedy: This one’s a bit tricky to answer, as we didn’t do a traditional “ride along” or observe frontline interactions with the public. However, one thing that really stood out was during the hand-to-hand combat training. Some of the takedown techniques demonstrated by the German students were… let’s just say, bold. I couldn’t imagine using some of them back home—not because they weren’t effective, but because of the potential for injury, especially to the head/neck. In British policing we’re very conscious of the scrutiny around use of force, and rightly so. If someone ends up injured, we’re held accountable, and every action must be justified.

When I explained this to the German officers, they seemed genuinely puzzled. Their response was words to the effect of, “they shouldn’t commit crimes then”. It was a stark reminder of how cultural attitudes and policies shape our policing styles. Where we might tread carefully, they take a more direct approach. Neither is necessarily right or wrong—it just highlighted how differently we’re trained to think.

Fay: There were huge differences. Most of the powers and policies and policing tactics were different. Rules differed, especially with powers of entry in the night-time and how they deal with vulnerable people. The biggest difference though was the availability of PPE equipment and a no single crewing policy for patrol. The UK were the only country unarmed which completely shocked every other country. I felt that the other countries would resort to their firearm in circumstances that UK officers wouldn’t even be drawing their incapacitant spray due to fear of persecution from the public. However, they couldn’t quite believe that we attend jobs, pull over cars and arrest people with no taser or firearm.

How has this experience influenced your development as a student officer?

Fay: Being able to gather an insight into policing from over 10 different countries was completely invaluable and a once in a career opportunity. It helped me realise that although every country does things differently, our way isn’t always the best way, and that there is always something to learn from others. My confidence in my policing grew, having to demonstrate our PPST training, conduct presentations on our powers and policies and live with officers.

Kennedy: It pushed me out of my comfort zone in the best way possible—new country, new people, new ways of thinking. It gave me the chance to reflect on how I approach situations, especially when comparing how other countries manage conflict, communication, and even training. It’s definitely made me a more well-rounded officer and probably a slightly (very, very slightly) better volleyball player too.

The Chief Constable Sarah Crew has thanked both of you for your advocacy of the force. How did it feel to represent UWE and Avon & Somerset Police policing on an international platform?

Kennedy: Honestly, it was a bit surreal—but in the best way. There’s something quite special about sitting in a room full of officers from across Europe and realising you’re one of two officers representing not just A&S and UWE, but the United Kingdom. It was a proud moment.

I was acutely aware of how un-articulate I can be at times and when everyone’s looking at you to be the shining example of the Queen’s English, the pressure is definitely on. Hopefully, when I presented our group work to the lecture theatre, my West Country accent didn’t come through too thick…

Fay: It felt great to have this opportunity, as I know it was a once in a career event. As soon as I was chosen to go, I was very excited and apprehensive on what an international project week would entail. We both did a presentation in front of everyone in the lecture hall on British policing and the differences, which was cool to be able to explain to them how we work.

Would you recommend this experience to other PCDA students, and if so, why?

Fay: Yes of course. Like I said, it’s a once in a career opportunity and gives you insight into policing all over Europe. Its invaluable.

Kennedy: Absolutely—without hesitation. It was one of the best trips I’ve had the privilege of going on. It’s a unique opportunity to step outside your comfort zone, learn from others, and gain a fresh perspective on policing. You’ll come back with new skills, new friends, and a renewed sense of pride in the responsibility and risk we carry as British police officers.

Fay and I had the honour of presenting their Chief with an Avon and Somerset Police plaque as a gesture of gratitude and goodwill. We expressed how thankful we were to be their guests and acknowledged the incredible amount of effort and organisation that went into making the week such a success.

The Editorial Team would like to say a massive thank you and well done to Kennedy & Fay. You are both a credit to your force and we wish you well back out on the streets.

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

Editorial Note: GDPR consent obtained for use of all images posted within this blog.

Celebrating Volunteers’ Week: Spotlight on a UWE Lecturer and Special Constable

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

As we mark Volunteers’ Week, a time to recognise the incredible contributions of volunteers across the UK, we’re proud to shine our spotlight on Jack James, a UWE Policing Senior Lecturer, PhD researcher, and long-serving Special Constable. In this Q&A, Jack shares his journey into policing, what volunteering as a Special Constable means to him, and how this unique dual role helps both his academic and operational work. His story is a powerful reminder of the dedication, resilience, and impact of those who give their valuable time to serve their local communities.

You can find out more about Volunteers’ Week here

Volunteers’ Week celebrates the contribution of millions of people across the UK. What does it mean to you personally to volunteer as a Special Constable?

For me, it is a fantastic way of giving something back to the community. It is a volunteering role like no other, in terms of responsibility and risk, however it is something I have loved doing for the last almost 10 years, and it has enabled me to help make a real difference at times.

Can you tell us a bit about your journey into policing — what motivated you to become a Special Constable?

I became a Special Constable to do something that I felt would help make a difference, as well as with the intention of potentially joining the police full time; almost a decade and 7000 operational policing hours later, I am still volunteering and thoroughly enjoy doing so!

What does a typical shift look like for you as a Special Constable?

I love this question, as I think the answer is that there isn’t a ‘typical shift’ per-se. Reflecting on just a couple of my experiences, one shift I have been responding to 999 calls on the dog unit, dealing with anything from theft to disorder and violence; the next I have been on response and involved in a lifesaving intervention with a person in crisis; the next I have been in the middle of hundreds of violent protesters and counter protesters with just a handful of officers (to name just a few examples!). Special Constables often go to the exact same jobs as their regular counterparts.

How do you balance your role as a lecturer with volunteering as a Special Constable? Do the two roles inform each other?

Being a Special Constable is quite unique in terms of work-life balance, as not only do you have a full-time career, but you also have the responsibility of being a warranted police officer. It takes time to strike that balance; however, I find that forces are generally supporting and encouraging of the fact that family, friends and your career come before your voluntary role. I feel that my career and role as a Special Constable complement each other well. I can bring operational learning and practice into the classroom, which I feel is received well by students. I like the phrase ‘pracademic’, as I feel it sums up where I sit quite nicely.

You’re currently doing PhD research into the retention of Special Constables. What sparked your interest in this area, and what are you hoping to uncover?

When I started to explore volunteering in policing as a research area a couple of years ago, I was shocked to discover just how much of a significant and sustained decline in Special Constables there had been, and continues to be, since it’s height in 2012. The loss of ~14,000 officers (Home Office, 2025) seemed to me like something that needed to be explored and understood, and with such a significant decline, it would not be an unreasonable position to suggest that the Special Constabulary is facing an existential crisis. That, combined with my own lived experiences over the last decade or so as a Special Constable, really motivated me to propose to research this issue at doctoral level, as I feel it is important to do so. My hope is to create an evidence base on why people join, their experiences as a Special Constable, and their reasons for leaving, to hopefully contribute to the future sustainability of the Special Constabulary in England and Wales. 

From your research so far, are there any early insights you can share about why people stay or leave the Special Constabulary?

I often hear the anecdote that “most specials I know join up as regulars”, as a means of explaining the decline in numbers or lack of retention. Interestingly, that conversion rate however has sat at around 40% for around two decades (Britton, 2018). Furthermore, the median length of service for a Special Constable is just 2.2 years, so the majority do not become ‘long serving’ or ‘career Specials’ (Britton, 2024). Research also indicates that the uplift programme has had little impact on Special Constable recruitment, so the knowledge gap is essentially ‘where do the rest go, and why?’. There has not been any qualitative research specifically on Special Constabulary leavers since 1994, which indicated that what leavers were telling forces during exit interviews – often a change in personal circumstances – often did not match what leavers were then telling researchers – feelings of dissatisfaction with the role, a lack of training and investment, police culture towards Special Constables (Mirrlees-Black and Byron, 1994). Policing has changed a lot since, then, however it will be interesting to see if those themes from interviews in the 90’s have also changed. There is some great research on ‘long serving’ Special Constables by Dr Iain Britton that I would recommend to anyone interested in that area specifically.

What do you think policing organisations and higher education institutions can do to better support Special Constables?

I think one of the main issues to address now is the continuing decline in numbers nationally. I feel that policing and academia working together to understand this phenomenon and implement evidence-based change is the best way to better support Special Constables at present.

How do PCDA students respond to hearing about your frontline experience as a volunteer police officer?

I generally feel that student officers respond well, and hope that my operational experiences as a Special Constable are relatable to them. I find that my roles complement each other well, and that it is often beneficial to bring some of that operational experience into the classroom to help contextualise learning. I also feel that sometimes student officers are surprised by some of the incidents I have attended and been exposed to. I think this highlights the important role Special Constables play operationally. Gone are the days of the stereotypical image of a Special Constable policing the village fete; we now carry most of the same kit (I am a Taser officer, for example), receive a lot of the same operational training, can specialise, and attend pretty much everything a regular officer would. There are some fundamental differences between the roles, however anecdotally, I feel that gap has narrowed.

What advice would you give to someone considering joining the Special Constabulary — especially professionals with other commitments?

I cannot recommend the role enough. I have loved the last 9+ years of volunteering as a Special Constable. There absolutely is a balance to strike, and vital to remember that family, friends, and your career come first. However, like any other officer, we carry that warrant card with us on and off duty. It truly is a volunteering role like no other, with a tremendous amount of responsibility, and of course an element of risk, however the reward of helping people and keeping communities safe is just fantastic. 

Looking ahead, what are your hopes for the future of volunteering in policing?

My hope is that with action at local and national level within policing, as well as close collaboration between policing and academia to better understand Special Constabulary retention and the sustained decline in strength since 2012, that we will see numbers stabilise and maintained within England and Wales. The Special Constabulary has a rich and unique history and makes a significant contribution to policing, and it deserves to thrive.

Our thanks to Jack for contributing to the UWE Policing blog and to all the volunteers out there. If this has inspired you to look at volunteering as a Special Constable you can find out more information about the role and how to apply through this College of Policing link

References

Britton, I. (2018) Analysis of Special Constabulary Statistics. Institute for Public Safety Crime and Justice (online). Available from: https://pure.northampton.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/8419410/Britton_Iain_2018_Analysis_of_Special_Constabulary_National_Statistics_Briefing_Paper_3.pdf

Britton, I. (2024) Where have all the Special Constables gone, and what can we do about it? The Police Foundation (online). Available from: https://www.police-foundation.org.uk/2024/01/where-have-all-the-special-constables-gone-and-what-can-we-do-about-it-long-read/

Home Office (2025) Police workforce, England and Wales (online). Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/police-workforce-england-and-wales-30-september-2024/police-workforce-england-and-wales-30-september-2024

Mirrlees-Black, C. and Byron, C. (1994) Special Considerations: Issues for the Management and Organisation of the Volunteer Police (online). London: Home Office. 

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

The Initial Response and Investigation of Sudden and Unexpected Deaths: The Importance of Vulnerability in Decision-Making

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Introduction: The Case of Una Crown

In January 2013, 86-year-old Una Crown was found dead in her home. Despite obvious signs of foul play, police ruled her death non-suspicious, failing to secure the scene. A post-mortem later revealed she had been stabbed and set alight to destroy evidence (BBC, 2015a). HM Coroner noted, “Foul play or suspicious circumstances were too readily dismissed” (BBC, 2015b).

This case highlights the dangers of misjudging sudden deaths, errors that can allow killers to evade justice for years. Thankfully, Una’s killer was finally convicted in 2025, but for 12 years, her murder remained unsolved.

Research confirms systemic failures in initial response, increasing the risk of missed homicides (Forensic Science Regulator, 2015). This blog examines why sudden deaths are sometimes misclassified and how vulnerability can influence police decision-making.

Understanding Sudden Death Pathways

Sudden and unexpected deaths follow three primary pathways:

  1. Expected Deaths resulting from known terminal illness, allowing a doctor to issue a Medical Certificate of the Cause of Death (MCCD). This system was exploited by Dr Harold Shipman, who murdered 215 patients over 24 years. The Shipman Inquiry (Secretary of State for the Home Department, 2003) led to the NHS Medical Examiner system to increase oversight.
  2. Unexpected Deaths where a doctor cannot certify a cause of death, and the case goes to HM Coroner. If no foul play is suspected by police, a non-forensic hospital pathologist determines the cause of death.
  3. Suspicious Deaths, where credible suspicion exists, police take primacy, and a Home Office Registered Forensic Pathologist (HORFP) conducts a full forensic post-mortem.

The first attending officer’s pathway assessment is critical and a misjudgement at this stage can let a killer walk free.

Statistics and the Risk of Missed Homicides

In 2024 there were 570 recorded homicide offences in England and Wales (ONS, 2025). Police detection rates consistently sit around 85% (Cook & Tattersall, 2014). But does this reflect the true homicide rate, or are some being missed?

The first critical step in homicide investigations is identifying a crime. Without this, there is no suspect and no prosecution. Yet this responsibility often falls to police response officers, not experienced and highly trained Senior Investigating Officers (SIOs). The Major Crime Investigation Manual (NPCC, 2021) provides guidance, but it is written for SIOs, not first responders, who instead rely on more limited training and Practice Advice (Home Office, 2024).

The statistics paint a concerning picture. Of the 581,000 deaths in England and Wales in 2023, 194,999 were reported to HM Coroners, with 36,855 inquests opened—representing 19% of reported deaths (MoJ, 2024). While most inquests reach a clear conclusion, around 1105 in 2023 (3%) resulted in open-type verdicts. These are used when the cause of death cannot be definitively determined (MoJ, 2024). Ambiguous deaths that end up in these open verdicts are the most vulnerable to misinterpretation when compared to “self-solvers” (Innes, 2003, p.197) where the evidence clearly indicates a crime and the person(s) responsible.

History warns us of this risk of misinterpretation. Johnson (1969) exposed systemic failings, finding 5% of presumed natural deaths were unnatural, including 27 undiscovered homicides. His research showed cognitive bias, poor scene assessments, and overlooked injuries, particularly among elderly and infant deaths.

So, are we deceiving ourselves with the homicide detection rate and are murderers still slipping through the net?

The Critical Nature of Initial Response

The first moments at a sudden death scene are pivotal. The initial attending officer’s decision to classify a death as suspicious or not determines the course of the investigation. A single misjudgement can let a homicide go undetected.

Interestingly, Stelfox (2006) identified three reasons why homicides are misclassified:

  1. Failure to collect evidence effectively.
  2. Failure to interpret information correctly.
  3. Failure of supervisors to challenge flawed assumptions.

Systemic Failures in Initial Death Classifications

Over five decades after Johnson’s (1969) research, the Forensic Science Regulator (2015) examined 32 sudden deaths initially deemed non-suspicious and exposed the same investigative failures:

  • 10 cases transpired to be homicides.
  • 5 additional cases remained suspected murders.
  • Initial police decision-making contributed to 60% of potential missed homicides. Apparent and obvious indicators of suspicion were overlooked and in 5 cases, no body inspection occurred, despite visible injuries being discovered later.

Ultimately, the system worked and these cases were investigated. However, flaws in the initial police response were again exposed, leading the researchers to conclude that there was an ongoing risk of homicides being missed.

Revisiting the “Fatal Call” Concept for 2025

A wrong decision at a sudden death scene can mean justice lost, a concept Jones (2016) termed the “fatal call.”

While forensic advancements like advanced imaging techniques and AI-driven analysis offer new tools, they also introduce the risk that reliance on technology without professional curiosity can reinforce cognitive biases rather than eliminate them.

At the same time, in a drive for efficiency, some forces have shifted initial sudden death classification to paramedics in certain circumstances, significantly altering the process. New protocols reduce police involvement, giving ambulance crews greater decision-making power. While the shift to paramedic-led classification aims to ease demand on police, it raises a concern that it may inadvertently increase the risk of missed suspicious deaths. Paramedics are not trained investigators, and signs of foul play may go unnoticed.

This operational shift represents a change in the investigative landscape that warrants research to assess its impact and ensure that efficiency is not coming at the cost of deaths being misclassified.

This danger of misclassification is real. In 2015, John ‘Goldfinger’ Palmer, who was famously implicated in laundering gold stolen in the Brinks Mat robbery, was found dead in his garden. Paramedics and police classified it as non-suspicious and resulting from recent surgery (Cawley, 2017). Several days later, a standard post-mortem revealed he had been shot six times (BBC Gangster, 2023). The error cost investigators critical time and evidence. Despite a £100,000 reward, his murder remains unsolved.

How many more fatal calls will go unchallenged?

The Role of Vulnerability in Decision-Making

Jones (2016) also found that in all 15 suspicious cases examined by the Forensic Science Regulator (2015), victims were vulnerable due to age, drugs and alcohol use or situational factors such as domestic abuse. Instead of prompting greater scrutiny, these factors often led investigators to prematurely close cases.

This reflects case closure bias, which involves the tendency to close investigations too early, misinterpreting evidence and overlooking alternative explanations. Contributing factors include resource and workload pressures, a desire for quick resolutions, and discomfort with ambiguity.

The Stephen Port Grindr Killer case illustrates the consequences of such bias. Port used Chemsex drugs to sexually assault and murder four young gay men, yet there were failures to link the deaths despite clear similarities. Initial investigations wrongly classified them as non-suspicious drugs overdoses or suicide. A HMICFRS (2022) review criticised the lack of investigative curiosity, reliance on assumptions, unconscious bias, and inexperience, all of which allowed a serial killer to remain undetected for over a year.

If vulnerability leads to flawed decision-making, it must be reframed. Instead of ruling out suspicion, it should be the trigger for investigative scrutiny.

Conclusion: Towards an Open-Mind Approach

Homicide statistics only tell part of the story, they do not account for murders never identified as such. Once a death is classified as non-suspicious, forensic scrutiny is limited, increasing the risk of missed homicides.

Cognitive bias and vulnerability have been shown to influence police decision-making, leading to premature case closures, particularly in deaths involving the elderly, children, drugs, and alcohol.

Investigating sudden deaths requires both professional curiosity and a systematic, evidence-led approach. The goal is not to treat every case as suspicious until proven otherwise, but to eliminate bias that prematurely rules it out.

At UWE Bristol, our training aims to support new officers to be professionally curious, be aware of cognitive and cultural bias and take an evidence-based approach using practical initial response simulations. These reinforce methodical decision-making and the pursuit of all reasonable lines of enquiry. In doing so, we strive to equip new officers with the critical skills and investigative mindset necessary for frontline officers who make the first and most consequential judgment at a scene.

References

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

How Children’s Voices on Racism Are Shaping Police Training

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

In this week’s Policing blog, Dr Verity Jones and Dr Anne Eason report on their ground-breaking UWE Bristol project based on children’s lived experiences of racism in the UK set to transform police training.

On 3rd February 2025, people gathered at May Park School, Bristol to watch an exciting new animation which is hoped to inform anti-racist practice in the Police.

University of the West of England (UWE Bristol) researchers have worked with 100s of primary-aged children to explore the everyday experiences of racism they navigate and how these impact on their and their family’s mental health and wellbeing. This UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) funded research revealed a broken relationship between young children and the police.

The 9–11-year-old children, who were from Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities, consistently spoke of how they felt let down by the police, that the police made them feel unsafe and scared to leave home.

The learnings from this unique project, in collaboration with Avon and Somerset Police and the UWE policing lead, has now been transformed into a resource that will be used as part of UWE’s Professional Policing courses to help tackle racism. The aim of the animation is to encourage police officers to listen to the voice of the child and consider their views in their interactions with the Black, Asian and minority ethnic groups.  It is also being used in Race Matters training across the Avon and Somerset constabulary.

Partnering with Avon and Somerset Police has allowed the UWE team to develop much-needed tools based on real insight into children’s experience of everyday racism in the UK. The animation presents four real examples of children’s experiences from the area, voiced by pupils from May Park School.

We hope that other police forces and emergency services around the country also adopt these resources into their training, allowing us to collectively work to increase the bond of trust between services and communities. 

Watch the animation here UWE Bristol RESPECT Project: Race Matters Police Training animation, made with children’s help

About the RESPECT Project

In 2021 the RESPECT project began working with primary school age children across Bristol and the UK to amplify the lived experiences of racism young children navigate every day – the first project of its kind in UK. The initial research by the interdisciplinary team from UWE Bristol involved engaging with over 200 children from Bristol schools and culminating in co-writing the children’s book ‘If Racism Vanished for a Day’ with 17 of the initial participants. Since then, the team has extended work across primary and secondary settings, with NHS Social Services, Barnardo’s children’s charity and Chartered College of Teaching recognising and supporting this important work. Lesson plans and resources are all freely available from the team. Please contact Verty6.Jones@uwe.ac.uk

Dr Verity Jones is an Associate Professor of Education Dr Verity Jones – UWE Bristol

Dr Anne Eason is an Associate Director of Policing Dr Anne Eason – UWE Bristol

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

A Day in the Life of a National Crime Agency (NCA) Major Crime Support Manager

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Have you ever wondered what it’s like to help crack a major investigation or achieve that critical breakthrough? This week, as part of our A Day in the Life series, we turn the spotlight on the National Crime Agency (NCA), an organisation that as well as leading the UK’s fight against serious organised crime, provides specialist expertise and vital support to frontline policing.

Today, we delve into the fascinating role of David Liddle, a manager in the NCA’s Major Crime Investigation Support unit. With his team, David plays a key part in supporting victims of devastating crimes and helping bring offenders to justice. Having had the privilege of working with David as a National Senior Investigating Officer Advisor, I’ve witnessed first-hand the exceptional dedication, expertise, and impact of his team.

Let’s hear directly from David as he takes us through a day in his life…

Can you tell us a little about your role at the NCA?

I’m a manager in Major Crime Investigative Support, which assists police forces when they have cases requiring specialist input.

My team is the first point of contact for police officers. We handle large numbers of requests seeking advice on investigations into murders, rapes, abductions, missing people and more.

It’s our role to provide support, drawing on our own experience as investigators and connecting forces with a large network of forensic experts.

These experts work outside the NCA but we can call upon them to provide expert opinion on a broad range of sometimes niche topics – everything from fires to psychiatry and wildlife to forensic linguistics, which involves analysing written language through text and WhatsApp messaging from digital devices.

Can you tell us a bit about your background and what inspired you to become a Crime Team Manager at the NCA?

I joined Cambridgeshire Constabulary in 1992, after serving in the Royal Air force.

While I am not university educated, I was fortunate to have a very supportive family, including a father who mentored me through the early years of my police career.

My varied and successful career in policing culminated in me joining the Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire Major Crime Unit in 2011, where I managed teams investigating murders and serious sexual assaults.

In 2013, when the NCA was formed, I spotted a vacancy in its Major Crime Investigation Support unit, which I saw as an excellent opportunity to grow my investigative knowledge and share experiences with colleagues across law enforcement. 

I got the job and haven’t looked back since.

How does your day start? (do you have a favourite breakfast?)

I’m an early riser – my alarm goes off at 5:15am. I head off to the gym because I enjoy the buzz of intensive exercise; it sets me up for the day.

My wife attends the gym with me, although she is far more disciplined than I! It allows us to spend some time together before we head off to work.

In support of a healthy lifestyle, I also follow the 16/8 intermittent fasting diet, so I don’t normally eat until midday. Poached eggs are my staple start to the day.  

What does a typical day involve?

Much of my day involves managing staff to ensure we get the job done, while also ensuring their welfare is taken care of. My team often have to provide time-critical advice on some very challenging and emotionally difficult cases.  

One of my favourite parts of the day is when I use my own experience and that of the experts I know to help police officers.

What aspects of your job do you find most rewarding?

I’ve always enjoyed the problem-solving aspect of policing. In my current role I get to help detectives with their challenges, to enhance their evidential opportunities and ultimately help them bring some of the most serious offenders to justice.  

I believe victims should be at the forefront of everything law enforcement does and I help achieve this by sharing the learning and best practice with officers across the country. The positive feedback I receive for this is extremely rewarding.

I also enjoy hearing about the successes from the team of interview specialists I manage, whose work entails interviewing vulnerable victims and witnesses in a way that is sensitive to their individual needs and experiences, but ensures they get the evidence required to help secure justice for them.

What would success in your role look like for you?

Success to me is driving up the standards of criminal investigations across the UK by supporting colleagues in police forces and ensuring I stay on top of my own professional development every year.

Success is also about helping my team members grow both in experience and confidence by providing inspiration, direction and encouragement.

What do you see as the main benefits of a university education for police officers and what do you think the educational priorities are?

Balancing a career and education can be challenging, but university education offers police officers an excellent foundation on which to build their careers. It can support deeper critical thinking and enhance decision making.  

And lastly, what do you do for fun?

It’s not all work for me! I enjoy playing golf with friends, although maintaining a single-figure handicap is becoming increasing difficult as I get older.

I also enjoy spending time with my growing family, supporting my children and grandchildren where I can. I’m immensely proud of their achievements and I get great satisfaction from hearing about their successes.

I’m also a mentor for young people seeking a career in policing. To date I have supported 11 young people in their endeavours to become police officers and I enjoy hearing about their successes as the years go by. You don’t have to be a police officer to become a National Crime Agency officer.  Find out more about the wide range of roles at the National Crime Agency at www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/careers

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

A festive message from 999 PC Elf (on the shelf)

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Our final UWE Bristol Policing blog for 2024 authored by 999 PC Elf, seeks to bring a touch of Christmas spirit to policing during this challenging time of year.

Hello everyone, so nice to be out and about again after 11 months being stuck in the office drawer. I say stuck but, in all honesty, I need the sleep after a December, is such a busy period for us Elves on the force. First on the agenda (and before the uniform goes on), a quick mince pie and if I’m lucky, a Starbucks coffee and I’m ready to go. Next, it’s catching up with the events of the last 11 months which let me tell you, is no mean feat. UWE and Avon and Somerset Police have been really busy. Another four Apprenticeship cohorts, a new DHEP neighbourhood route and the launch of the Applied Criminal Justice Top-Up (they’re a motley crew!) its busy, busy, busy. Oh and of course a change of government both here and across the pond…I think I need another mince pie!

The night time economy appears to be going well. I was patrolling last Friday night in the city centre and there were plenty of young people enjoying the nightlife (some a little too much it seems) but lots of taxis taking them home. BBC news has also reported that Bristol has won the Best Night Time Initiative Award for its Women’s Safety Charter Campaign. The seven-point code and providing the bystander intervention training to 500-night safety champions proving successful. This is great news, certainly makes us PC Elves feel better knowing that women, girls and female elves are safer.

Next to get teamsing to my counterparts across the area. These meetings tend to drag on a bit but good to share information and let’s face it, we’re pretty darn good at sharing information – how else would we know which officer wants what for Christmas and make sure that all the presents are secure until Christmas eve? Got to watch that lot – “oi, no peeking!”. Also need to make plans for wrapping, delivery and helping Santa get in and out of the station without being caught!

Last, but by no means least is preparing for the New Year festivities. Custody can be a nightmare this time of year so a quick visit to Bridewell, make sure the cells are in ship shape condition, ready for any invited guests over the course of the month, and especially for those New Years Eve celebrations. A briefing session, check the tyre pressures, lights and sirens are working and we’ll be ready. Hopefully it will be a quiet one. There’s been lots of ‘drink driving’ signage out and we know that everyone just wants to have a good time. Trouble is, those elves can get a bit rowdy, especially as they know they have eleven months to sleep it off!

Well, things to do, elves to see…but from us to you, our serving police officers (and elves) and all Blue light services, we wish you all a very merry Christmas and a happy, healthy and safe New Year.

999PC Elf …

999 PC Elf would like to acknowledge Associate Director’s of Policing Dr Anne Eason & Sarah Williams, for their fantastic support in creating this blog.

Editorial Team

The Editorial Team would like extend our thanks and gratitude to all of our guest contributors during 2024.

We wish you all a safe and happy Christmas.

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact police.blog@uwe.ac.uk

A Day in the life of an Apprenticeship Coordinator

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Ever wondered what goes on behind the scenes to ensure the seamless training and development of future policing professionals? In this week’s blog, we will hear about a day in the life of Steve Concannon, a dedicated Apprenticeship Coordinator at the University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol. Steve’s role is pivotal in bridging the gap between academic learning and practical experience, ensuring that our apprentices are not only well-educated but also well-prepared for the realities of modern policing.

Whether you are a current policing apprentice, prospective applicant, or simply curious about the inner workings of our policing programme, this behind-the-scenes look will give you a newfound appreciation for the tireless efforts of those who support our Police Constable Degree apprentices every step of the way.

Can you tell us a bit about your background and what inspired you to become an Apprenticeship Coordinator?

Prior to finding a bit of direction in life, I spent around 9 years working for a well-known global financial organisation. Departing in 2007, the financial crash occurred in 2008. Coincidence? Yes, absolutely.

Following that, I coached football in the USA for a couple of years. Living in New Jersey, I also got to work in fantastic places such as New York and Memphis. It was such a positive, life-changing experience that it gave me the confidence and aspiration to develop myself (about time). I came back to study a BSc Sports Coaching Degree in Wales. New Jersey to Newport! ‘What’s up?’ to ‘What’s occurring?’ 

It was as a student that I realised Higher Education (HE) was where I wanted to work. I found it to be a supportive environment and became very aware of how a diverse range of services, departments and most importantly people, worked to forge a student-centred approach. My aim came to fruition by working in ‘Widening Participation’ speaking to under-represented groups about the different HE routes available. It was great to open students’ eyes to ‘less traditional’ routes in addition to well-known pathways.

UWE feels like a natural fit for me, and as an Apprenticeship Coordinator at UWE, I’ve been able to apply methods utilised in coaching and widening participation with the apprentices themselves.

How does your day start? (do you have a favourite breakfast?)

My day starts with a covert operation of creeping downstairs without waking the kids to have at least one coffee in peace! I have porridge for breakfast but mix in banana and honey to avoid the taste and consistency of wallpaper paste.

What does a typical day involve?

After a coffee or two, the morning consists of getting our two boys ready for school and out of the door on time. Close in age but with differing personalities, a little management is required, and that is putting it diplomatically!

I get out on a run a few times a week. Obviously, it’s good for physical health and fitness but it’s a nice bit of headspace too. I don’t put any pressure on myself though. I enjoy running rather than being obsessed by it. Life is a balance! And then it’s onto work.

A significant part of my job is conducting tripartite reviews with the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA) officers and their Professional Development Unit (PDU) assessors from Avon and Somerset Constabulary (ASC). Whilst some students will navigate the PCDA in a smooth fashion, others may experience difficulties in the form of academic struggles, operational challenges, engagement issues or wellbeing problems.

Within a day of tripartite reviews, we’ll demonstrate a spectrum of behaviours. Empathetic, encouraging, understanding, motivating, persistent, diplomatic. And let’s not forget a little humour to break down barriers. Adaptable would be one word for us, but let’s call it supportive shape shifting! I mean, it sounds cool.

It’s important to state however that we are one part of a brilliant team, supported by a productive relationship with the UWE Policing academic staff. Being programme linked, we have a thorough understanding of the academic content, deep insight into apprentices’ development and an acute awareness of individual student needs. Also, by collaborating closely with ASC PDU Assessors, we ensure that each student has the best wraparound support. It is the very essence of a ‘joined up’ approach and I feel that the Tripartite team are the glue that helps keep it all together.

What aspects of your job do you find most rewarding?

Undoubtedly, the people. My Tripartite and wider UWE colleagues are supportive, creative, dedicated, diversely talented and never out of reach. Needless to say, all round good eggs.

Likewise, our Avon and Somerset colleagues and apprentices are an absolute pleasure to talk to. Whilst we’re sharing the love, let’s not forget the people that can make all the difference to the working day, but we might only see for 30 seconds on campus as we grab a coffee or ask directions (I still do). Smiling is infectious. Spike Milligan’s words, not mine.

What would success in your role look like for you?

As a student-centred role, we strive to provide everyone with the support required. It’s equally important however that apprentices are also equipped to deal with the demands of the role. Therefore, success is working productively with Avon & Somerset Constabulary to ensure individuals are supported according to their needs, yet autonomous in their learning.

What do you see as the main benefits of a university education for police officers and what do you think the educational priorities are?

It’s clear that the role of a modern-day Police Constable is multi-faceted and this is reflected in the breadth of academic learning gained by PCDA students. Combined with wide ranging competencies, knowledge, skills and behaviours, an apprentice can apply their understanding and become a critical thinking, well-rounded police officer.

We ask students to think critically, and I believe that the same priority applies to higher education institutions. We see policing programmes reflected on and evolve accordingly. It is so important that universities adapt to a fast-changing digital world, and that the courses remain relevant and useful. A further priority is embedding Professional Standards throughout an apprentices’ learning, particularly with the level of scrutiny being faced by police forces. This applies not only in the form of academic content but from the expectations of all on the PCDA programme, including us on the Tripartite team.

And lastly, what do you do for fun?

The simple pleasure of being around friends is a happy place. No stress, and a licence for us all to talk complete and utter nonsense while together!

I love my music and if I can find the time to squeeze in a little piano or guitar then I’m a happy lad! Thankfully for the neighbours, the drums are gathering dust in the garage.

I enjoy cooking and could happily live on a Mediterranean diet. Throw in some music whilst the hobs are on and suddenly a 90s Brit pop swagger is present in the kitchen too! But only when no-one is looking…

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe

A day in the life of your Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC)

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

Welcome to the second instalment of our series, “A Day in the Life of…,” where we delve into the daily experiences of those who serve, protect, and uphold our communities. This series aims to offer an insider’s perspective on the diverse roles within policing and related professions, showcasing the dedication, challenges, and triumphs of our contributors.

This week, we are delighted to feature a contribution from Clare Moody, the Police & Crime Commissioner for Avon & Somerset Police. We hope you enjoy this fascinating insight.

Firstly, congratulations on your recent appointment. Can you tell us a bit about your background and what inspired you to become a Police and Crime Commissioner?

Thank you for the congratulations, it’s a privilege to have been elected to this role.

Throughout my career I’ve been fortunate to have leadership roles where I can represent others and be able to advocate for them. The role of a PCC is to be the connection between the people of our area and the strategic direction of Avon and Somerset Police. It is also to hold the police to account for delivering an efficient and effective service. Both of these functions make use of the skills that I’ve developed through my working life and allow me to continue in public service.

Immediately before being elected, I was co-Chief Exec of a national equality and human rights charity, which anyone who has worked in a charity will know involves a very broad range of leadership skills and team working.  Before running the charity, I served as a Member of the European Parliament for our area and among other things I was Vice Chair of the Security and Defence Committee in Parliament. I have also worked at the heart of government in No.10 Downing Street and was a Trade Union officer for over twenty years. These roles have all had leadership, strategic planning and problem solving at the heart of them.

How does your day start?

I usually start my day with a cup of coffee, followed by more cups of coffee as the morning progresses. As you can imagine, the diary is usually quite packed so it’s important for me to make time to review the day ahead and what I hope to achieve during it. This prep time follows on from my reviewing and prepping the night before – where I reflect on the day and go over the diary, so that I can understand and prepare for any requests or questions that may come up.  It’s a hard-learned lesson that nothing beats preparation and review for being effective.

What does a typical day involve?

The short answer is there isn’t a typical day.  Every day brings a mix of meetings with police officers and staff to discuss their work and any issues or concerns they have, visits to charities that are making a difference to the people they serve, holding meetings with the public about issues that matter to them and meeting with local authorities, criminal justice partners and other agencies about how we can work together to improve safety across Avon and Somerset.

Right now, I’m creating a comprehensive Police and Crime Plan to address the evolving challenges in policing and to deliver lasting solutions. We are asking for people to respond to the consultation on the draft Plan and to share their ideas on how we make the Plan a reality.  I would welcome receiving responses from PCDA and DHEP students to this consultation. Please share your insights with me here: www.avonandsomerset-pcc.gov.uk/about/police-crime-plan24-29

What aspects of your job do you find most rewarding?

I see it as a privilege to be able to affect positive change in the police service the public receives. I am driven by making things better for victims and members of the public who rely on their police, to provide a service when they need it the most.

What would success in your role look like for you?

I fully recognise the responsibility that comes with my role as PCC, and I’m deeply committed to making a real, measurable impact on the standards of our police service by the end of my term. Through my current Police and Crime Plan consultation I’m gathering valuable feedback, which will help to define the way we deliver and measure the impact of the Plan. The results must be ones the public can feel and recognise. Success for me would be hearing from members of the public that the service they receive has noticeably improved.

What do you see as the main benefits of a university education for police officers, and what do you think the educational priorities are?

A university education for police officer offers a formidable foundation, through developing critical thinking skills and offering students a deeper insight into some of the complex challenges they’ll face through their work.

It’s truly hard to balance study and front-line duties, but it gives students a deeper level of learning and skills that will serve them well throughout their career.

I also see huge potential for Avon and Somerset to gain insights from the students’ dissertations and research projects and the fresh perspectives on how the police service operates and is delivered.  

And lastly, what do you do for fun?

I find great joy in nature and appreciate taking long walks whenever I can, to take in the peace and sense of calm that comes from enjoying landscapes, wildlife and birdsong. I also love reading, when I can make the time, and being with my family and friends. When you live a busy and sometimes stressful life it really is important to take time to recharge – something I know many of you reading this blog can relate to.

Don’t forget, you can always reach out to me and my office with any concerns or suggestions you may have: www.avonandsomerset-pcc.gov.uk

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.

Welcome to our new series ‘A Day in the Life of’

Author Paul Williamson | Posted on

As we celebrate the first anniversary of the UWE Bristol Policing blog, we are thrilled to introduce our new series, “A Day in the Life of…,” where we explore the daily experiences of those who serve, protect and respect our communities. This series aims to provide an insider’s perspective on the diverse roles within policing and associated professions, highlighting the dedication, challenges, and triumphs faced by our contributors. 

Each post will feature a unique voice from the field, including police officers, educators, and other criminal justice practitioners. Through their stories, we hope to shed light on the realities of day-to-day criminal justice work, what they find most rewarding, and even their favourite breakfast to start the day! 

We invite you to join us as we step into the shoes of these dedicated professionals and gain a deeper understanding of the hard work and commitment that goes into the profession of policing and partner agencies.

We are delighted to launch this series with a contribution from Sir Steven West who has been Vice-Chancellor of UWE Bristol since 2007. His responsibilities include being the academic leader and chief executive, responsible for the strategic oversight, financial sustainability, and academic direction of the University. As UWE’s Policing Programme seeks to influence a new generation of officers, we were interested in hearing more about his typical day.

How does your day start? Do you have a favourite breakfast?

A workday starts around 6am getting to UWE around 7:15am. Atrium 8am Tea and Croissant with jam and butter or toast with marmite. 

What does a typical day involve?

Involves a number of meetings and committees in person and online. E-mails, letters and reports. A lot of reading and writing and if i’m lucky some visits to research centres and teaching. 

What aspects of your job do you find most rewarding?

Meeting staff and students and seeing the brilliant things they are doing every day. Great research and enterprise and inspiring teaching in simulation labs. 

What do you see as the main benefits of a university education for police officers?

The overwhelming benefit is having time to learn and expand your horizons. Graduate thinking is about challenge, curiosity, a thirst to find truth and applying all of that to developing new skills and deep understanding. It’s about thinking differently to problem solving and invention. My first degree was a 4-year top-up degree I did part-time in podiatry. I was working full-time in the NHS and had one day a week at university. I learnt a lot about myself, how I learnt and most importantly how I could continue to learn and develop on my own. 

What do you feel is the value of apprenticeships at UWE and the continued strengthening of relations with Avon and Somerset Police?

It’s clear the apprenticeship revolution will continue to grow and develop at all levels. I think increasingly lifelong learning will look more like modular apprenticeships creating more access and more engagement throughout someone’s career. 

And lastly, what do you do for fun?

I’m a scuba diver, dog walker and I love nice cars and mowing my grass on a sit on mower! 

Editorial Team

Paul Williamson (Editor-in-Chief); Claudia McCready (Lecturer); Claire Bowers (Senior Lecturer); Eve Smietanko (Joint Programme Leader & Senior Lecturer); Ian Lowe (Senior Lecturer) & Micah Hassell (Senior Lecturer).

If you would like to be a guest blogger, please contact Police.Blog@uwe.ac.uk

Back to top